Chemistry Foundations

This course will teach you the basics of Chemistry in detail. Many students find Chemistry difficult because they are trying to learn more advanced topics without a good understanding of the fundamentals. By studying this course, you will build a strong foundation on which to learn the rest of Chemistry.

Course Content

Use the menu below to navigate the course. We recommend starting at the beginning (1.1.1 - Introduction to Particles) and working through from there. Our courses are designed so that each page of content only assumes that you know things from the previous pages, so if you follow the order of the course it will be much easier to understand.

We also recommend that you stick with each page until you have mastered it. Only move on once you understand all the concepts, have memorised the answers to the flashcard questions and have practiced any skills that need to be practiced.

1 - Background

1.1 - Particles

1.1.1 -Introduction to Particles

1.2 - Forces

1.2.1 -Introduction to Forces

1.3 - Properties

1.3.1 -Properties and Units1.3.2 -Mass1.3.3 -Relative Mass1.3.4 -Charge1.3.5 -Relative Charge

2 - Subatomic Particles

2.1 - Protons, Neutrons and Electrons

2.1.1 -Introduction to Protons, Neutrons and Electrons2.1.2 -Relative Masses of Protons, Neutrons and Electrons2.1.3 -Relative Charges of Protons, Neutrons and Electrons

3 - Atoms and Ions

3.1 - Introduction to Atoms and Ions

3.1.1 -The Structures of Atoms and Ions3.1.2 -Sizes of Atoms, Ions and Nuclei3.1.3 -Atomic Number, Elements and the Periodic Table

3.2 - Charge in Atoms and Ions

3.2.1 -Relative Charges of Nuclei and Atoms3.2.2 -Anions and Cations3.2.3 -Gaining and Losing Electrons

3.3 - Mass in Atoms and Ions

3.3.1 -Mass Number and Isotopes3.3.2 -The Relative Mass of an Atom or Ion3.3.3 -Isotope Abundance and Relative Atomic Mass

3.4 - The Periodic Table

3.4.1 -Chemical Symbols and Chemical Formulae3.4.2 -The Structure of The Periodic Table3.4.3 -Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids

3.5 - Electrons in Atoms and Ions

3.5.1 -Electron Shells3.5.2 -The Capacities of the Shells3.5.3 -How the Shells Are Filled3.5.4 -Electronic Configuration3.5.5 -How the Electronic Configurations of Atoms Relate to the Periodic Table3.5.6 -Dot and Cross Diagrams

3.6 - Naturally Occurring Ions

3.6.1 -Only Certain Ions Occur Naturally3.6.2 -The Full Outer Shells Rule3.6.3 -Ions of Group 0 Elements3.6.4 -Ions of Group 1-7 Elements3.6.5 -Ions of Hydrogen3.6.6 -Ions of Transition Elements

4 - Bonding

4.1 - Introduction to Bonding

4.1.1 -Bonding

4.2 - Covalent Bonding

4.2.1 -Covalent Bonding4.2.2 -Single, Double and Triple Covalent Bonds4.2.3 -Drawing Covalent Bonds4.2.4 -How Covalent Bonding Affects the Outer Shell4.2.5 -Covalent Bonds and Full Outer Shells

4.3 - Molecules

4.3.1 -Molecules4.3.2 -Displayed Formulae and Molecular Formulae4.3.3 -Empirical Formulae4.3.4 -Common Small Molecules4.3.5 -Dot and Cross Diagrams of Molecules4.3.6 -Polyatomic Ions

4.4 - Ionic Bonding

4.4.1 -Ionic Bonds4.4.2 -Giant Ionic Lattices4.4.3 -Ionic Compounds4.4.4 -Formulae of Ionic Compounds4.4.5 -Working Out the Formula of Any Ionic Compound4.4.6 -The Formation of Ionic Compounds From Atoms4.4.7 -Dot and Cross Diagrams of Ionic Bonding

4.5 - Metallic Bonding

4.5.1 -Introduction to Metallic Bonding

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